Difference between revisions of "Main Page"

From PCT Online 2025-26
Jump to: navigation, search
 
(11 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
<big>This site provides comprehensive information about:
+
<big>This site is the successor to [https://www.kessler.co.uk James Kessler's]''Taxation of Non-Residents and Foreign Domiciliaries''.  The reforms of the FA 2025, which one might summarise as the abolition of domicile, have required a new title.  But the approach of this work is unaltered.  It seeks to provide as much information as possible about the UK taxation of individuals and trusts, the broad topic known as private client tax.  Discussion includes:
−
# Taxation of foreign domiciliaries
+
# Income Tax, CGT and IHT on individuals and trusts
−
# Taxation of non-residents on UK income and assets
+
# The territorial limits of UK tax (now based on residence, situs and source)
−
# Taxation of UK residents on foreign income and assets
+
# Other topics arising in this context, including tax avoidance, disclosure and compliance
−
# Other topics arising in this context, including tax avoidance, and disclosure and compliance
+
  
−
It is the online version of [https://www.kessler.co.uk/taxation-of-foreign-domiciliaries/ ''Taxation of Non-Residents and Foreign Domiciliaries''] by [https://www.kessler.co.uk James Kessler KC].
+
This is a wide set of subjects, but in taxation, as in life, everything is connected.
  
−
<div style="float: left; width: 33%">
+
The mammoth task of updating the text is still underway, and discussion of the new law will continue to go online over the course of the year.  In the meantime, the rubric to some chapters will warn readers where the text has not yet been updated.
  
 +
<div style="float: left; width: 33%">
  
 
<big>'''Contents'''</big>
 
<big>'''Contents'''</big>
Line 18: Line 18:
 
:[[Dedication]]
 
:[[Dedication]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy"> Mobile Individuals Policy & Avoidance </span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"> Mobile Individuals Policy & Avoidance</span>'''''
  
 
:1  [[Mobile Individuals: Tax Policy]]
 
:1  [[Mobile Individuals: Tax Policy]]
Line 26: Line 26:
 
:3  [[Targeted Anti-Avoidance Rules (TAARs)]]
 
:3  [[Targeted Anti-Avoidance Rules (TAARs)]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Residence</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Residence</span>'''''
  
 
:4  [[Residence of Individuals]]
 
:4  [[Residence of Individuals]]
Line 44: Line 44:
 
:11  [[UK Arrival or Departure: Tax Checklist]]
 
:11  [[UK Arrival or Departure: Tax Checklist]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Income Tax: Principles </span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Income Tax: Principles</span>'''''
  
 
:12  [[Income and its Categorisation]]
 
:12  [[Income and its Categorisation]]
Line 52: Line 52:
 
:14  [[Income Recognition: Receive/Entitled/Arise/Paid]]
 
:14  [[Income Recognition: Receive/Entitled/Arise/Paid]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">FIG Relief: TRF & Former Remittance Basis</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">FIG Relief: TRF & Former Remittance Basis</span>'''''
  
 
:15  [[FIG Relief & Overseas Workday Relief]]
 
:15  [[FIG Relief & Overseas Workday Relief]]
Line 64: Line 64:
 
:19  [[Mixed Funds]]
 
:19  [[Mixed Funds]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Income by Category </span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Income by Category</span>'''''
  
 
:20  [[Trading Income]]
 
:20  [[Trading Income]]
Line 94: Line 94:
 
:33  [[Misc Sweep-Up Income]]
 
:33  [[Misc Sweep-Up Income]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Employment Income </span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Employment Income</span>'''''
  
 
:34  [[Employment Income]]
 
:34  [[Employment Income]]
Line 110: Line 110:
 
:40  [[Loans from Companies]]
 
:40  [[Loans from Companies]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">IT: General</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">IT: General</span>'''''
  
 
:41  [[Discretionary Trusts: Income Tax]]
 
:41  [[Discretionary Trusts: Income Tax]]
Line 124: Line 124:
 
:46  [[National Insurance Contributions]]
 
:46  [[National Insurance Contributions]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">IT Avoidance Codes</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">IT Avoidance Codes</span>'''''
  
 
:47  [[Settlor-interested Trust Code]]
 
:47  [[Settlor-interested Trust Code]]
Line 137: Line 137:
  
 
:52  [[Transfer of Assets Abroad: Motive Defence]]
 
:52  [[Transfer of Assets Abroad: Motive Defence]]
 +
 
:53  [[Profit Fragmentation]]
 
:53  [[Profit Fragmentation]]
  
Line 143: Line 144:
 
:55  [[Transactions in Securities]]
 
:55  [[Transactions in Securities]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Capital Gains Tax</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Capital Gains Tax</span>'''''
  
 
:56  [[Chargeable Gains]]
 
:56  [[Chargeable Gains]]
Line 165: Line 166:
 
:65  [[Capital Losses]]
 
:65  [[Capital Losses]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Funds</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Funds</span>'''''
  
 
:66  [[Funds: Terms & Concepts]]
 
:66  [[Funds: Terms & Concepts]]
Line 179: Line 180:
 
:71  [[Intermediated Securities]]
 
:71  [[Intermediated Securities]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Investment Management</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Investment Management</span>'''''
  
 
:72  [[Investment Manager Exemptions]]
 
:72  [[Investment Manager Exemptions]]
Line 189: Line 190:
 
:75  [[Investment Management Fees]]
 
:75  [[Investment Management Fees]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Inheritance Tax</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Inheritance Tax</span>'''''
  
 
:76  [[IHT Terms and Concepts]]
 
:76  [[IHT Terms and Concepts]]
Line 211: Line 212:
 
:85  [[Pre-Owned Assets]]
 
:85  [[Pre-Owned Assets]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Partnerships</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Partnerships</span>'''''
  
 
:86  [[Partnerships]]
 
:86  [[Partnerships]]
Line 221: Line 222:
 
:89  [[Partnerships CGT]]
 
:89  [[Partnerships CGT]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Entities</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Entities</span>'''''
  
 
:90  [[Settlement, Bare Trust, and Associated Terminology]]
 
:90  [[Settlement, Bare Trust, and Associated Terminology]]
Line 233: Line 234:
 
:94  [[Hybrid Entities]]
 
:94  [[Hybrid Entities]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Pensions & Employment Benefit Trusts </span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Pensions & Employment Benefit Trusts</span>'''''
  
 
:95  [[Pension and Annuity Income]]
 
:95  [[Pension and Annuity Income]]
Line 241: Line 242:
 
:97  [[Pension IHT]]
 
:97  [[Pension IHT]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Topics affecting more than one tax </span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Topics affecting more than one tax</span>'''''
  
 
:98  [[Protected Trusts]]
 
:98  [[Protected Trusts]]
Line 273: Line 274:
 
:112 [[Permanent Establishment and Branch/Agency]]
 
:112 [[Permanent Establishment and Branch/Agency]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Double Taxation Agreements: IT/CGT</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Double Taxation Agreements: IT/CGT</span>'''''
  
 
:113 [[Double Taxation Arrangements: Introduction]]
 
:113 [[Double Taxation Arrangements: Introduction]]
Line 289: Line 290:
 
:119 [[Mutual Agreement Procedure]]
 
:119 [[Mutual Agreement Procedure]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Double Taxation Agreements: IHT</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Double Taxation Agreements: IHT</span>'''''
  
 
:120 [[IHT Double Taxation Treaties: Introduction]]
 
:120 [[IHT Double Taxation Treaties: Introduction]]
Line 305: Line 306:
 
:126 [[Credit for Foreign IHT]]
 
:126 [[Credit for Foreign IHT]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Administration</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Administration</span>'''''
  
 
:127 [[Reporting and Compliance]]
 
:127 [[Reporting and Compliance]]
Line 325: Line 326:
 
:135 [[International Movement of Capital: Reports]]
 
:135 [[International Movement of Capital: Reports]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">CRS & Money Laundering</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">CRS & Money Laundering</span>'''''
  
 
:136 [[Common Reporting Standard]]
 
:136 [[Common Reporting Standard]]
Line 339: Line 340:
 
:'''<big>Appendices</big>'''
 
:'''<big>Appendices</big>'''
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Words & Concepts</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Words & Concepts</span>'''''
  
 
:[[Appendix 1 Words of Dispute]]
 
:[[Appendix 1 Words of Dispute]]
Line 357: Line 358:
 
: [[Appendix 8 Domicile]]
 
: [[Appendix 8 Domicile]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Statutory Construction</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Statutory Construction</span>'''''
  
 
:[[Appendix 9 Purpose in Tax Statutes]]
 
:[[Appendix 9 Purpose in Tax Statutes]]
Line 365: Line 366:
 
:[[Appendix 11 Deeming Provisions]]
 
:[[Appendix 11 Deeming Provisions]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Special Taxpayers</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Special Taxpayers</span>'''''
  
 
:[[Appendix 12 Parliamentarians]]
 
:[[Appendix 12 Parliamentarians]]
Line 379: Line 380:
 
:[[Appendix 17 Continental Shelf]]
 
:[[Appendix 17 Continental Shelf]]
  
−
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%"><span style="color:navy">Tax Reform</span></span>'''''
+
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Tax Reform</span>'''''
  
 
:[[Appendix 18 How to Improve Private Client Taxation]]
 
:[[Appendix 18 How to Improve Private Client Taxation]]
Line 394: Line 395:
  
  
−
<big>'''2024/25 edition'''</big>
+
<big>'''2025/26 edition'''</big>
  
−
The 2024/25 edition of ''Taxation of Non-Residents and Foreign Domiciliaries'' is available online and in paper form.  The online form is the better choice as it is updated during the year.
+
The 2025/26 edition of ''Kessler on Private Client Taxation'' is available online and will be published in paper form in July.  The online form is the better choice as it is updated during the year.
  
−
To access TFD online, you will need an online licence. To obtain this, go to  
+
To access PCT online, you will need an online licence. To obtain this, go to  
 
[https://www.khpplc.co.uk/ the publishers website] or email [mailto:aw.khpplc@khpplc.co.uk?Subject=TFD%20online aw.khpplc@khpplc.co.uk] Licences for previous editions are not valid for the current edition.
 
[https://www.khpplc.co.uk/ the publishers website] or email [mailto:aw.khpplc@khpplc.co.uk?Subject=TFD%20online aw.khpplc@khpplc.co.uk] Licences for previous editions are not valid for the current edition.
  
Line 409: Line 410:
 
Without logging in, you can access:
 
Without logging in, you can access:
  
−
Chapter A1 [[FIG Relief/Abolition of Domicile]]<br/>Chapter 1 [[Mobile Individuals: Tax Policy]]<br/>Chapter 2 [[Tax Avoidance]]
+
Chapter 1 [[Mobile Individuals: Tax Policy]]<br/>Chapter 2 [[Tax Avoidance]]
  
 
You enter this site once you have registered and [[Special:Userlogin| logged in]] by clicking on the index on the left, or you can search the text.
 
You enter this site once you have registered and [[Special:Userlogin| logged in]] by clicking on the index on the left, or you can search the text.
Line 439: Line 440:
 
<big>'''Technical notes'''</big>
 
<big>'''Technical notes'''</big>
  
−
TFD online is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki Wiki] on the lines of [http://en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia], but only registered users can edit the text.
+
PCT online is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki Wiki] on the lines of [http://en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia], but only registered users can edit the text.
  
  
−
<big>'''TFD Resource Archive'''</big>  
+
<big>'''PCT Resource Archive'''</big>  
  
−
To access the TFD reference material, click here: [[TFD Resource Archive]]
+
To access the PCT reference material, click here: [[PCT Resource Archive]]

Latest revision as of 09:09, 11 April 2025

This site is the successor to James Kessler'sTaxation of Non-Residents and Foreign Domiciliaries. The reforms of the FA 2025, which one might summarise as the abolition of domicile, have required a new title. But the approach of this work is unaltered. It seeks to provide as much information as possible about the UK taxation of individuals and trusts, the broad topic known as private client tax. Discussion includes:

  1. Income Tax, CGT and IHT on individuals and trusts
  2. The territorial limits of UK tax (now based on residence, situs and source)
  3. Other topics arising in this context, including tax avoidance, disclosure and compliance

This is a wide set of subjects, but in taxation, as in life, everything is connected.

The mammoth task of updating the text is still underway, and discussion of the new law will continue to go online over the course of the year. In the meantime, the rubric to some chapters will warn readers where the text has not yet been updated.

Contents

Update

Introduction
Dedication
Mobile Individuals Policy & Avoidance
1 Mobile Individuals: Tax Policy
2 Tax Avoidance
3 Targeted Anti-Avoidance Rules (TAARs)
Residence
4 Residence of Individuals
5 Residence of Trustees
6 Residence of Companies
7 Treaty-Residence
8 Split Years
9 Temporary Non-residence
10 Exit Taxes
11 UK Arrival or Departure: Tax Checklist
Income Tax: Principles
12 Income and its Categorisation
13 Source/Territorial Principles
14 Income Recognition: Receive/Entitled/Arise/Paid
FIG Relief: TRF & Former Remittance Basis
15 FIG Relief & Overseas Workday Relief
16 Temporary Repatriation Facility
17 The Remittance Basis
18 Remittance Reliefs
19 Mixed Funds
Income by Category
20 Trading Income
21 Trading in Land
22 Performers
23 Property Income
24 Deduction of interest from Property Income
25 Interest Income
26 Exempt Interest of Non-Residents
27 Accrued Income Profits
28 Deeply Discounted Securities
29 Dividend Income
30 Corporation Tax on Company Distributions
31 Annual Payments
32 Intellectual Property Income
33 Misc Sweep-Up Income
Employment Income
34 Employment Income
35 Travel Expenses: Employment Income
36 PAYE
37 Disguised Remuneration/Trading Income
38 Employment Income: DT Relief
39 Benefit in Kind: Family Home and Chattels
40 Loans from Companies
IT: General
41 Discretionary Trusts: Income Tax
42 IIP Trusts: Income Tax
43 Rates of Income Tax/CGT
44 Personal Allowances
45 Non-Resident Income Tax Relief
46 National Insurance Contributions
IT Avoidance Codes
47 Settlor-interested Trust Code
48 Transfer of Assets Abroad: Introduction
49 Transfer of Assets Abroad: Transferors
50 Transfer of Assets Abroad: Benefits
51 Transfer of Assets Abroad: Relief from Overlapping Charges
52 Transfer of Assets Abroad: Motive Defence
53 Profit Fragmentation
54 Transfer of Income Streams
55 Transactions in Securities
Capital Gains Tax
56 Chargeable Gains
57 UK Property Held by Non-Residents
58 Reorganisations
59 Residential Property: CGT
60 Gains of Non-Resident Settlor-Interested Trusts: s.86
61 Capital Payments from Non-Resident Trusts: s.87 Code
62 Borrowing by Non-Resident Trust: Sch 4B
63 Sub-Funds
64 Gains of Non-Resident Companies
65 Capital Losses
Funds
66 Funds: Terms & Concepts
67 Offshore Income Gains
68 Income from Offshore Funds
69 Unit Trusts
70 Life Policies and Contracts
71 Intermediated Securities
Investment Management
72 Investment Manager Exemptions
73 Carried Interest/Investment Management Fees: Introduction
74 Carried Interest
75 Investment Management Fees
Inheritance Tax
76 IHT Terms and Concepts
77 Excluded Property: Definition
78 Excluded Property Exemptions
79 Wills and IOVs
80 Reservation of Benefit
81 Inter-Trust Transfers: IHT
82 IHT Deduction for Debts
83 IHT Close-Company Code
84 IHT Residential-Property Code
85 Pre-Owned Assets
Partnerships
86 Partnerships
87 Partnership Income: Allocation
88 Salaried Members Code
89 Partnerships CGT
Entities
90 Settlement, Bare Trust, and Associated Terminology
91 Estates of Deceased Persons: CGT
92 Estates of Deceased Persons: Income Tax
93 Foreign Entities
94 Hybrid Entities
Pensions & Employment Benefit Trusts
95 Pension and Annuity Income
96 Employer-Financed Retirement Benefits Scheme
97 Pension IHT
Topics affecting more than one tax
98 Protected Trusts
99 Non-Resident Spouse
100 Joint Accounts
101 Foreign Currency Issues
102 Cryptoassets
103 Unremittable Assets
104 ATED and SDLT
105 Who is the Settlor?
106 Multiple Settlors
107 Statutory Tax Indemnities
108 Situs of Assets for IHT
109 Situs of Assets for CGT
110 Control Connected Close and Related Expressions
111 Participation, % Investment & Material Interest Tests
112 Permanent Establishment and Branch/Agency
Double Taxation Agreements: IT/CGT
113 Double Taxation Arrangements: Introduction
114 DTA Anti-abuse Rules
115 Third Party Relief/Savings Clause
116 Limitation on Benefits
117 Credit for Foreign Tax
118 Non-discrimination
119 Mutual Agreement Procedure
Double Taxation Agreements: IHT
120 IHT Double Taxation Treaties: Introduction
121 IHT DTAs: India, Pakistan, Italy, France
122 IHT DTA: South Africa
123 IHT DTA: USA
124 IHT DTA: Netherlands
125 IHT DTA: Switzerland
126 Credit for Foreign IHT
Administration
127 Reporting and Compliance
128 Tax Return Filing Position
129 Claims
130 Collection of IT/CGT from UK Representatives
131 Reporting and Compliance: IHT
132 Penalties
133 Failure to Prevent Tax Evasion
134 Reporting Offshore Trusts
135 International Movement of Capital: Reports
CRS & Money Laundering
136 Common Reporting Standard
137 Trust Registration (TRS)
138 Customer Due Diligence
139 Money Laundering: Criminal Property


Appendices
Words & Concepts
Appendix 1 Words of Dispute
Appendix 2 Common Legal Expressions
Appendix 3 Family Terminology
Appendix 4 Share/Security Terminology
Appendix 5 Consideration, Arm's Length, Full Value
Appendix 6 Commercial/View to Profit
Appendix 7 Beneficial Ownership/Entitlement
Appendix 8 Domicile
Statutory Construction
Appendix 9 Purpose in Tax Statutes
Appendix 10 Substance and Reality
Appendix 11 Deeming Provisions
Special Taxpayers
Appendix 12 Parliamentarians
Appendix 13 Visiting Forces
Appendix 14 Diplomats
Appendix 15 Sovereign Immunity
Appendix 16 Students and Teachers
Appendix 17 Continental Shelf
Tax Reform
Appendix 18 How to Improve Private Client Taxation
Appendix 19 Reform of Offshore Anti-Avoidance Law
Appendix 20 Citizenship-based Taxation
Appendix 21 The Wisdom of Parliament



2025/26 edition

The 2025/26 edition of Kessler on Private Client Taxation is available online and will be published in paper form in July. The online form is the better choice as it is updated during the year.

To access PCT online, you will need an online licence. To obtain this, go to the publishers website or email aw.khpplc@khpplc.co.uk Licences for previous editions are not valid for the current edition.

If you are an academic, student or other non-tax practitioner who wants access for research purposes, contact James Kessler

How to login

Most of this site requires you to login. You may purchase a single or multiple user licence: To obtain these contact the publishers.

Without logging in, you can access:

Chapter 1 Mobile Individuals: Tax Policy
Chapter 2 Tax Avoidance

You enter this site once you have registered and logged in by clicking on the index on the left, or you can search the text.

You need to register for the current edition. Registration for an earlier edition is no longer valid.

Comments please

Users can also contribute to the text and if you can add anything, or spot anything that needs to be corrected, please do! A copy of the next edition of the book will be given to the user who makes the most edits. User contributions are reviewed by Rebecca Sheldon.

If you want further advice

If you do not find the answer to your question here, or if you want advice on which you can legally rely, you may instruct James Kessler KC or other members of his chambers to advise. See How to instruct James Kessler KC.

Archive editions

There are archive editions for years since 2003/04. These will be useful to investigate the tax position in earlier years, but the current edition will generally be the best starting point, as that has been written in the light of current HMRC guidance, and further thought and research.

Contact

If you have technical problems, or problems logging in, click here

To contact James Kessler KC click here

To contact Rebecca Sheldon, who reviews online contributions, click here

For multiple user licences, or to install on a firm's intranet, contact the publishers.

Technical notes

PCT online is a Wiki on the lines of Wikipedia, but only registered users can edit the text.


PCT Resource Archive

To access the PCT reference material, click here: PCT Resource Archive

Retrieved from "https://privateclienttax.co.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=39435"