Difference between revisions of "Main Page"

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<big>This site is the successor to [https://www.kessler.co.uk James Kessler's]''Taxation of Non-Residents and Foreign Domiciliaries''.  The reforms of the FA 2025, which one might summarise as the abolition of domicile, have required a new title.  But the approach of this work is unaltered.  It seeks to provide as much information as possible about the UK taxation of individuals and trusts, the broad topic known as private client tax.  Discussion includes:
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<big>[https://www.kessler.co.uk James Kessler's] ''Private Client Taxation'' aims to set out a comprehensive discussion of private client taxation.  Discussion includes:
 
# Income Tax, CGT and IHT on individuals and trusts
 
# Income Tax, CGT and IHT on individuals and trusts
 
# The territorial limits of UK tax (now based on residence, situs and source)  
 
# The territorial limits of UK tax (now based on residence, situs and source)  
 
# Other topics arising in this context, including tax avoidance, disclosure and compliance
 
# Other topics arising in this context, including tax avoidance, disclosure and compliance
  
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This is a wide set of subjects, but in taxation, as in life, everything is connected.
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This is a wide subject, or set of subjects, but in taxation, as in life, everything is connected.
 +
 
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''PCT Online'' is the successor to ''Taxation of Non-Residents and Foreign Domiciliaries''.  The reforms of the FA 2025, which one might summarise as the abolition of domicile, required a new title.  But the approach of this work is unaltered.
  
 
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<div style="float: left; width: 33%">
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:20  [[Trading Income]]
 
:20  [[Trading Income]]
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:20A [[Cessations & Trading Stock]]
  
 
:21  [[Trading in Land]]
 
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:34  [[Employment Income]]
 
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:35  [[Travel Expenses]]
  
 
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:42  [[IIP Trusts: Income Tax]]
 
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:43  [[Rates of Income Tax/CGT]]
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:43  [[Rates of Income Tax/CGT/CT]]
  
 
:44  [[Personal Allowances]]
 
:44  [[Personal Allowances]]
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:57  [[UK Property Held by Non-Residents]]
 
:57  [[UK Property Held by Non-Residents]]
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:57A [[Hold-over Relief]]
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:57B [[Liquidation of Companies]]
  
 
:58  [[Reorganisations]]
 
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:68  [[Income from Offshore Funds]]
  
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:69  [[Unit Trusts & Transparent Funds]]
  
 
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:70  [[Life Policies and Contracts]]
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:111 [[Participation, % Investment & Material Interest Tests]]
 
:111 [[Participation, % Investment & Material Interest Tests]]
  
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:112 [[Permanent Establishment and Branch/Agency]]
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:112 [[Permanent Establishment]]
  
 
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Double Taxation Agreements: IT/CGT</span>'''''
 
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Double Taxation Agreements: IT/CGT</span>'''''
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:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Statutory Construction</span>'''''
 
:'''''<span style="font-size:106%">Statutory Construction</span>'''''
  
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:[[Appendix 9 Purposive Construction of Tax Statutes]]
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:[[Appendix 9 Construction of Tax Statutes]]
  
 
:[[Appendix 10 Substance and Reality]]
 
:[[Appendix 10 Substance and Reality]]
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<big>'''2025/26 edition'''</big>
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<big>'''2026/27 edition'''</big>
  
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The 2025/26 edition of ''Kessler on Private Client Taxation'' is available online and will be published in paper in August.  The online version is the better choice as it has been updated since the paper version went to the printers and will continue to be updated during the year.
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The 2026/27 edition of ''Kessler on Private Client Taxation'' is now online.  It has been substantially updated for the FA 2026 and other developments since last year, and online publication of chapters remaining to be updated will be phased in over the next few weeks.
  
 
To access PCT online, you will need an online licence. To obtain this, go to  
 
To access PCT online, you will need an online licence. To obtain this, go to  
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Without logging in, you can access:
 
Without logging in, you can access:
  
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Chapter 1 [[Mobile Individuals: Tax Policy]]<br/>Chapter 2 [[Tax Avoidance]]
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[[Introduction]]<br/>Chapter 1 [[Mobile Individuals: Tax Policy]]<br/>Chapter 2 [[Tax Avoidance]]
  
 
You enter this site once you have registered and [[Special:Userlogin| logged in]] by clicking on the index on the left, or you can search the text.
 
You enter this site once you have registered and [[Special:Userlogin| logged in]] by clicking on the index on the left, or you can search the text.
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<big>'''Comments please'''</big>
 
<big>'''Comments please'''</big>
  
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Users can also [[contribute to the text]] and if you can add anything, or spot anything that needs to be corrected, please do!  A copy of the next edition of the book will be given to the user who makes the most edits.  User contributions are reviewed by [https://www.taxchambers.com/team/rebecca-sheldon/ Rebecca Sheldon].
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Users can also [[contribute to the text]] and if you can add anything, or spot anything that needs to be corrected, please do!  A copy of the next edition of the book will be given to the user who makes the most edits.  User contributions are reviewed by [https://www.taxchambers.com/team/rebecca-sheldon/ Rebecca Sheldon]. PCT online is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki Wiki] on the lines of [http://en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia], but only registered users can edit the text.
  
 
<big>'''If you want further advice'''</big>
 
<big>'''If you want further advice'''</big>
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If you do not find the answer to your question here, or if you want advice on which you can legally rely, you may instruct James Kessler KC or other members of his chambers to advise.  See [[How to instruct James Kessler KC]].
 
If you do not find the answer to your question here, or if you want advice on which you can legally rely, you may instruct James Kessler KC or other members of his chambers to advise.  See [[How to instruct James Kessler KC]].
  
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<big>'''Archive editions'''</big>
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<big>'''Old editions archive'''</big>
  
 
There are [[archive editions]] for years since 2003/04.  These will be useful to investigate the tax position in earlier years, but the current edition will generally be the best starting point, as that has been written in the light of current HMRC guidance, and further thought and research.  
 
There are [[archive editions]] for years since 2003/04.  These will be useful to investigate the tax position in earlier years, but the current edition will generally be the best starting point, as that has been written in the light of current HMRC guidance, and further thought and research.  
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For multiple user licences, or to install on a firm's intranet, [mailto:[email protected]?Subject=TFD%20contact%20publisher%20request%20multiple%20user%20licences contact the publishers].
 
For multiple user licences, or to install on a firm's intranet, [mailto:[email protected]?Subject=TFD%20contact%20publisher%20request%20multiple%20user%20licences contact the publishers].
  
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<big>'''Technical notes'''</big>
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<big>'''Resource Archive'''</big>  
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PCT online is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki Wiki] on the lines of [http://en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia], but only registered users can edit the text.
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<big>'''PCT Resource Archive'''</big>  
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To access the PCT reference material, click here: [[PCT Resource Archive]]
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To access material referenced in PCT, click here: [[PCT Resource Archive]]

Latest revision as of 09:50, 19 April 2026

James Kessler's Private Client Taxation aims to set out a comprehensive discussion of private client taxation. Discussion includes:

  1. Income Tax, CGT and IHT on individuals and trusts
  2. The territorial limits of UK tax (now based on residence, situs and source)
  3. Other topics arising in this context, including tax avoidance, disclosure and compliance

This is a wide subject, or set of subjects, but in taxation, as in life, everything is connected.

PCT Online is the successor to Taxation of Non-Residents and Foreign Domiciliaries. The reforms of the FA 2025, which one might summarise as the abolition of domicile, required a new title. But the approach of this work is unaltered.

Contents

Update

Introduction
Dedication
Mobile Individuals Policy & Avoidance
1 Mobile Individuals: Tax Policy
2 Tax Avoidance
3 Targeted Anti-Avoidance Rules (TAARs)
Residence
4 Residence of Individuals
5 Residence of Trustees
6 Residence of Companies
7 Treaty-Residence
8 Split Years
9 Temporary Non-residence
10 Exit Taxes
11 UK Arrival or Departure: Tax Checklist
Income Tax: Principles
12 Income and its Categorisation
13 Source/Territorial Principles
14 Income Recognition: Receive/Entitled/Arise/Paid
FIG Relief: TRF & Former Remittance Basis
15 FIG Relief & Overseas Workday Relief
16 Temporary Repatriation Facility
17 The Remittance Basis
18 Remittance Reliefs
19 Mixed Funds
Income by Category
20 Trading Income
20A Cessations & Trading Stock
21 Trading in Land
22 Performers
23 Property Income
24 Deduction of interest from Property Income
25 Interest Income
26 Exempt Interest of Non-Residents
27 Accrued Income Profits
28 Deeply Discounted Securities
29 Dividend Income
30 Corporation Tax on Company Distributions
31 Annual Payments
32 Intellectual Property Income
33 Misc Sweep-Up Income
Employment Income
34 Employment Income
35 Travel Expenses
36 PAYE
37 Disguised Remuneration/Trading Income
38 Employment Income: DT Relief
39 Benefit in Kind: Family Home and Chattels
40 Loans from Companies
IT: General
41 Discretionary Trusts: Income Tax
42 IIP Trusts: Income Tax
43 Rates of Income Tax/CGT/CT
44 Personal Allowances
45 Non-Resident Income Tax Relief
46 National Insurance Contributions
IT Avoidance Codes
47 Settlor-interested Trust Code
48 Transfer of Assets Abroad: Introduction
49 Transfer of Assets Abroad: Transferors
50 Transfer of Assets Abroad: Benefits
51 Transfer of Assets Abroad: Relief from Overlapping Charges
52 Transfer of Assets Abroad: Motive Defence
53 Profit Fragmentation
54 Transfer of Income Streams
55 Transactions in Securities
Capital Gains Tax
56 Chargeable Gains
57 UK Property Held by Non-Residents
57A Hold-over Relief
57B Liquidation of Companies
58 Reorganisations
59 Residential Property: CGT
60 Gains of Non-Resident Settlor-Interested Trusts: s.86
61 Capital Payments from Non-Resident Trusts: s.87 Code
62 Borrowing by Non-Resident Trust: Sch 4B
63 Sub-Funds
64 Gains of Non-Resident Companies
65 Capital Losses
Funds
66 Funds: Terms & Concepts
67 Offshore Income Gains
68 Income from Offshore Funds
69 Unit Trusts & Transparent Funds
70 Life Policies and Contracts
71 Intermediated Securities
Investment Management
72 Investment Manager Exemptions
73 Carried Interest/Investment Management Fees: Introduction
74 Carried Interest
75 Investment Management Fees
Inheritance Tax
76 IHT Terms and Concepts
77 Excluded Property: Definition
78 Excluded Property Exemptions
79 Wills and IOVs
80 Reservation of Benefit
81 Inter-Trust Transfers: IHT
82 IHT Treatment of Debts
83 IHT Close-Company Code
84 IHT Residential-Property Code
85 Pre-Owned Assets
Partnerships
86 Partnerships
87 Partnership Income: Allocation
88 Salaried Members Code
89 Partnerships CGT
Entities
90 Settlement, Bare Trust, and Associated Terminology
91 Estates of Deceased Persons: CGT
92 Estates of Deceased Persons: Income Tax
93 Foreign Entities
94 Hybrid Entities
Pensions & Employment Benefit Trusts
95 Pension and Annuity Income
96 Employer-Financed Retirement Benefits Scheme
97 Pension IHT
Topics affecting more than one tax
98 Pre-2025 Protected Trust Income
99 Non-Resident Spouse
100 Joint Accounts
101 Foreign Currency Issues
102 Cryptoassets
103 Unremittable Assets
104 ATED and SDLT
105 Who is the Settlor?
106 Multiple Settlors
107 Statutory Tax Indemnities
108 Situs of Assets for IHT
109 Situs of Assets for CGT
110 Control Connected Close and Related Expressions
111 Participation, % Investment & Material Interest Tests
112 Permanent Establishment
Double Taxation Agreements: IT/CGT
113 Double Taxation Arrangements: Introduction
114 DTA Anti-abuse Rules
115 Third Party Relief/Savings Clause
116 Limitation on Benefits
117 Credit for Foreign Tax
118 Non-discrimination
119 Mutual Agreement Procedure
Double Taxation Agreements: IHT
120 IHT Double Taxation Treaties: Introduction
121 IHT DTAs: India, Pakistan, Italy, France
122 IHT DTA: South Africa
123 IHT DTA: USA
124 IHT DTA: Netherlands
125 IHT DTA: Switzerland
126 Credit for Foreign IHT
Administration
127 Reporting and Compliance
128 Tax Return Filing Position
129 Claims
130 Collection of IT/CGT from UK Representatives
131 Reporting and Compliance: IHT
132 Penalties
133 Failure to Prevent Tax Evasion
134 Reporting Offshore Trusts
135 International Movement of Capital: Reports
CRS & Money Laundering
136 Common Reporting Standard
137 Trust Registration (TRS)
138 Customer Due Diligence
139 Money Laundering: POCA


Appendices
Words & Concepts
Appendix 1 Words of Dispute
Appendix 2 Common Legal Expressions
Appendix 3 Family Terminology
Appendix 4 Share/Security Terminology
Appendix 5 Consideration, Arm's Length, Full Value
Appendix 6 Commercial/View to Profit
Appendix 7 Beneficial Ownership/Entitlement
Appendix 8 Domicile
Statutory Construction
Appendix 9 Construction of Tax Statutes
Appendix 10 Substance and Reality
Appendix 11 Deeming Provisions
Special Taxpayers
Appendix 12 Parliamentarians
Appendix 13 Visiting Forces
Appendix 14 Diplomats
Appendix 15 Sovereign Immunity
Appendix 16 Students and Teachers
Appendix 17 Continental Shelf
Tax Reform
Appendix 18 How to Improve Private Client Taxation
Appendix 19 Reform of Offshore Anti-Avoidance Law
Appendix 20 Citizenship-based Taxation
Appendix 21 The Wisdom of Parliament



2026/27 edition

The 2026/27 edition of Kessler on Private Client Taxation is now online. It has been substantially updated for the FA 2026 and other developments since last year, and online publication of chapters remaining to be updated will be phased in over the next few weeks.

To access PCT online, you will need an online licence. To obtain this, go to the publishers website or email [email protected] Licences for previous editions are not valid for the current edition.

If you are an academic, student or other non-tax practitioner who wants access for research purposes, contact James Kessler

How to login

Most of this site requires you to login. You may purchase a single or multiple user licence: To obtain these contact the publishers.

Without logging in, you can access:

Introduction
Chapter 1 Mobile Individuals: Tax Policy
Chapter 2 Tax Avoidance

You enter this site once you have registered and logged in by clicking on the index on the left, or you can search the text.

You need to register for the current edition. Registration for an earlier edition is no longer valid.

Comments please

Users can also contribute to the text and if you can add anything, or spot anything that needs to be corrected, please do! A copy of the next edition of the book will be given to the user who makes the most edits. User contributions are reviewed by Rebecca Sheldon. PCT online is a Wiki on the lines of Wikipedia, but only registered users can edit the text.

If you want further advice

If you do not find the answer to your question here, or if you want advice on which you can legally rely, you may instruct James Kessler KC or other members of his chambers to advise. See How to instruct James Kessler KC.

Old editions archive

There are archive editions for years since 2003/04. These will be useful to investigate the tax position in earlier years, but the current edition will generally be the best starting point, as that has been written in the light of current HMRC guidance, and further thought and research.

Contact

If you have technical problems, or problems logging in, click here

To contact James Kessler KC click here

To contact Rebecca Sheldon, who reviews online contributions, click here

For multiple user licences, or to install on a firm's intranet, contact the publishers.

Resource Archive

To access material referenced in PCT, click here: PCT Resource Archive

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